Placenta previa
Placenta previa is a
condition in which the placenta sits low in the uterus and partially or
completely covers the cervix. The placenta can separate from the wall of the
uterus when the cervix begins to dilate (open) during childbirth.
How common is placenta previa?
Placenta previa
occurs in about 1 in 200 pregnant women during the third trimester of
pregnancy.
It is more common in
women who have had one or more of the following:
- More than one child
- A cesareanbirth
- Surgery on the uterus
- Twins or triplets
What types exist?
- Complete Previa: the cervical opening is
completely covered
- Partial Previa: a portion of the cervix is
covered by the placenta
- Marginal Previa: extends just to the edge
of the cervix
What are the symptoms?
Signs and symptoms
can vary, but the most common symptom is painless third trimester bleeding.
Other signs and
symptoms include:
- Premature contractions
- Baby is breech, or in a transverse position
- Uterus measures larger than it should according to gestational age
What treatment?
Once diagnosed,
treatment usually includes bed rest for the mother and frequent visits to the
hospital. Depending on gestational age, steroid injections may be given to help
the baby's lungs mature. If the mother has uncontrolled bleeding, an immediate
caesarean section is usually done, regardless of how far along the pregnancy
is. Some marginal presentations can be delivered vaginally, although full or
partial presentations require a caesarean section.
Most doctors also
recommend limiting the following:
- Avoid intercourse
- Limit traveling
- Avoid pelvic exams
What causes placenta previa?
The exact reason is
unknown.
However, the
following factors may increase your risk:
- If over the age of 35
- Had more than four pregnancies
- Have a history of uterine surgery (regardless of incision type)
How to deal with placenta previa?
With all the excitement and anticipation of a healthy birth, the diagnosis of placenta previa can be very shocking and disappointing. There are support groups for vacationing mothers and even for mothers with placenta previa. They are available to help you during this difficult time. Your doctor, midwife, or doula should be able to help you find support groups or other women who have also had placenta previa.